The traditional Graph Convolutional Network （GCN） and many of its variants achieve the best effect in the shallow layers， and do not make full use of higher-order neighbor information of nodes in the graph. The subsequent deep graph convolution models can solve the above problem， but inevitably generate the problem of over-smoothing， which makes the models impossible to effectively distinguish different types of nodes in the graph. To address this problem， an adaptive deep graph convolution model using initial residual and decoupling operations， named ID-AGCN （model using Initial residual and Decoupled Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network）， was proposed. Firstly， the node’s representation transformation as well as feature propagation was decoupled. Then， the initial residual was added to the node’s feature propagation process. Finally， the node representations obtained from different propagation layers were combined adaptively， appropriate local and global information was selected for each node to obtain node representations containing rich information， and a small number of labeled nodes were used for supervised training to generate the final node representations. Experimental result on three datasets Cora， CiteSeer and PubMed indicate that the classification accuracy of ID-AGCN is improved by about 3.4 percentage points， 2.3 percentage points and 1.9 percentage points respectively， compared with GCN. The proposed model has superiority in alleviating over-smoothing.